
1.National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Type 2 diabetes in adults: management.NICE guidline.[NG28] 2015 [Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng28/resources/type-2-diabetes-in-adults-management-pdf-1837338615493.2.Nichols, M., Townsend, N., Scarborough, P. & Rayner, M. Cardiovascular disease in Europe 2014: epidemiological update. Eur. Heart J. 35(42), 2950–2959 (2014).CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
3.Aune, D. et al. Diabetes mellitus, blood glucose and the risk of atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. J. Diabetes Complicat. 32(5), 501–511 (2018).PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
4.Plitt, A., McGuire, D. K. & Giugliano, R. P. Atrial fibrillation, Type 2 diabetes, and non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants: a review. JAMA Cardiol. 2(4), 442–448 (2017).PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
5.Ogilvie, I. M., Newton, N., Welner, S. A., Cowell, W. & Lip, G. Y. Underuse of oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation: a systematic review. Am J Med. 123(7), 638–45.e4 (2010).CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
6.National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Atrial fibrillation management. NICE guideline (CG180) 2014. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg180.7.January Craig, T. et al. 2019 AHA/ACC/HRS focused update of the 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society in Collaboration With the Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Circulation 140(2), e125–e151 (2019).CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
8.Mekaj, Y. H., Mekaj, A. Y., Duci, S. B. & Miftari, E. I. New oral anticoagulants: their advantages and disadvantages compared with vitamin K antagonists in the prevention and treatment of patients with thromboembolic events. Ther. Clin. Risk Manag. 11, 967–977 (2015).CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Article
Google Scholar
9.Blak, B. T., Thompson, M., Dattani, H. & Bourke, A. Generalisability of The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database: demographics, chronic disease prevalence and mortality rates. Inform. Primary Care. 19(4), 251–255 (2011).
Google Scholar
10.Banerjee, A. et al. Adherence and persistence to direct oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation: a population-based study. Heart (British Cardiac Society). 106(2), 119–126 (2020).
Google Scholar
11.Brauer, R. et al. Trazodone use and risk of dementia: a population-based cohort study. PLoS Med. 16(2), e1002728 (2019).CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Article
Google Scholar
12.Alwafi, H. et al. Trends in oral anticoagulant prescribing in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based study in the UK. BMJ Open. 10(5), e034573 (2020).PubMed
PubMed Central
Article
Google Scholar
13.Fanning L, Lau WCY, Mongkhon P, Man KKC, Bell JS, Ilomäki J, et al. Safety and effectiveness of direct oral anticoagulants vs warfarin in people with atrial fibrillation and dementia. J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc. 2020.14.Mongkhon, P. et al. Oral anticoagulant and reduced risk of dementia in patients with atrial fibrillation: a population-based cohort study. Heart Rhythm. 17(5 Pt A), 706–713 (2020).PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
15.Iwagami, M. et al. Gastrointestinal bleeding risk of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors by level of kidney function: a population-based cohort study. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 84(9), 2142–2151 (2018).CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Article
Google Scholar
16.Gieling, E. M. et al. Risk of major bleeding and stroke associated with the use of vitamin K antagonists, nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants and aspirin in patients with atrial fibrillation: a cohort study. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 83(8), 1844–1859 (2017).CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Article
Google Scholar
17.Payne, R. A. & Avery, A. J. Polypharmacy: one of the greatest prescribing challenges in general practice. Br. J. Gen. Pract.: J. R. Coll. Gen. Pract. 61(583), 83–84 (2011).Article
Google Scholar
18.Wagner, A. K., Soumerai, S. B., Zhang, F. & Ross-Degnan, D. Segmented regression analysis of interrupted time series studies in medication use research. J. Clin. Pharm. Ther. 27(4), 299–309 (2002).CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
19.National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Dabigatran etexilate for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in atrial fibrillation. Available from: https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=2ahUKEwjkvf64jMfnAhWAQxUIHVlBCDgQFjAAegQIBBAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nice.org.uk%2Fguidance%2Fta249%2Fdocuments%2Fatrial-fibrillation-dabigatran-etexilate-final-appraisal-determination3&usg=AOvVaw3SSlCzafKjeBDCXcaH8TaS.20.Adderley, N. J., Ryan, R., Nirantharakumar, K. & Marshall, T. Prevalence and treatment of atrial fibrillation in UK general practice from 2000 to 2016. Heart (British Cardiac Society). 105(1), 27–33 (2019).
Google Scholar
21.Welton, N. J. et al. Screening strategies for atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and cost-effectiveness analysis. Health Technol. Assess. (Winchester, England). 21(29), 1–236 (2017).PubMed Central
Article
Google Scholar
22.Wolf, P. A., Abbott, R. D. & Kannel, W. B. Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study. Stroke 22(8), 983–988 (1991).CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
23.Magnussen, C. et al. Sex differences and similarities in atrial fibrillation epidemiology, risk factors, and mortality in community cohorts: results from the BiomarCaRE consortium (Biomarker for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Europe). Circulation 136(17), 1588–1597 (2017).PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
24.Goudis, C. A. et al. Diabetes mellitus and atrial fibrillation: pathophysiological mechanisms and potential upstream therapies. Int. J. Cardiol. 184, 617–622 (2015).PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
25.Bohne LJ, Johnson D, Rose RA, Wilton SB, Gillis AM. The Association between diabetes mellitus and atrial fibrillation: clinical and mechanistic insights. 2019;10(135).26.Gallagher, C., Middeldorp, M. E. & Sanders, P. Weight and risk of incident atrial fibrillation-body mass index variability or body mass gain?. Mayo Clin. Proc. 94(2), 186–188 (2019).PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
27.Benjamin, E. J. et al. Independent risk factors for atrial fibrillation in a population-based cohort The Framingham Heart Study. JAMA 271(11), 840–844 (1994).CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
28.Kirchhof, P. et al. 2016 ESC guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS. Eur. Heart J. 37(38), 2893–2962 (2016).PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
29.Lublóy, Á. Factors affecting the uptake of new medicines: a systematic literature review. BMC Health Serv. Res. 14(1), 469 (2014).PubMed
PubMed Central
Article
Google Scholar
30.Komen, J., Forslund, T., Hjemdahl, P., Andersen, M. & Wettermark, B. Effects of policy interventions on the introduction of novel oral anticoagulants in Stockholm: an interrupted time series analysis. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 83(3), 642–652 (2017).CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
31.Rose, A. J. et al. Anticoagulant prescribing for non-valvular atrial fibrillation in the veterans health administration. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 8(17), e012646 (2019).PubMed
PubMed Central
Article
Google Scholar
32.Katz David F, Maddox Thomas M, Turakhia M, Gehi A, O’Brien Emily C, Lubitz Steven A, et al. Contemporary trends in oral anticoagulant prescription in atrial fibrillation patients at low to moderate risk of stroke after guideline-recommended change in use of the CHADS2 to the CHA2DS2-VASc score for thromboembolic risk assessment. Circ.: Cardiovasc. Qual. Outcomes. 2017;10(5):e003476.33.Lip, G. Y., Nieuwlaat, R., Pisters, R., Lane, D. A. & Crijns, H. J. Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approach: the euro heart survey on atrial fibrillation. Chest 137(2), 263–272 (2010).PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
34.Lane Deirdre, A. & Lip Gregory, Y. H. Use of the CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores to aid decision making for thromboprophylaxis in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Circulation 126(7), 860–865 (2012).CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
35.England PH. Atrial fibrillation prevalence estimates in England 2017. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/atrial-fibrillation-prevalence-estimates-for-local-populations.36.Granger, C. B. et al. Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N. Engl. J. Med. 365(11), 981–992 (2011).CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
37.Patel, M. R. et al. Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. N. Engl. J. Med. 365(10), 883–891 (2011).CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
38.Connolly, S. J. et al. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N. Engl. J. Med. 361(12), 1139–1151 (2009).CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
39.Vinogradova, Y., Coupland, C., Hill, T. & Hippisley-Cox, J. Risks and benefits of direct oral anticoagulants versus warfarin in a real world setting: cohort study in primary care. BMJ 362, k2505 (2018).PubMed
PubMed Central
Article
Google Scholar
40.Chao, T. F. et al. Oral anticoagulation in very elderly patients with atrial fibrillation: a nationwide cohort study. Circulation 138(1), 37–47 (2018).PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
41.Malhotra, K. et al. Oral anticoagulation in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurology. 92(21), e2421–e2431 (2019).CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar